Enum mime::SubLevel [−] [src]

pub enum SubLevel {
    Star,
    Plain,
    Html,
    Xml,
    Javascript,
    Css,
    EventStream,
    Json,
    WwwFormUrlEncoded,
    Msgpack,
    FormData,
    Png,
    Gif,
    Bmp,
    Jpeg,
    Ext(String),
}

Variants

`Star`
`Plain`
`Html`
`Xml`
`Javascript`
`Css`
`EventStream`
`Json`
`WwwFormUrlEncoded`
`Msgpack`
`FormData`
`Png`
`Gif`
`Bmp`
`Jpeg`
`Ext`

Methods

`impl SubLevel`

`fn as_str(&self) -> &str`

Methods from Deref<Target=str>

`fn len(&self) -> usize`

Returns the length of self.

This length is in bytes, not chars or graphemes. In other words, it may not be what a human considers the length of the string.

Examples

Basic usage:

let len = "foo".len();
assert_eq!(3, len);

let len = "ƒoo".len(); // fancy f!
assert_eq!(4, len);

`fn is_empty(&self) -> bool`

Returns true if this slice has a length of zero bytes.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = "";
assert!(s.is_empty());

let s = "not empty";
assert!(!s.is_empty());

`fn is_char_boundary(&self, index: usize) -> bool`

Unstable (str_char)
: it is unclear whether this method pulls its weight with the existence of the char_indices iterator or this method may want to be replaced with checked slicing

Checks that index-th byte lies at the start and/or end of a UTF-8 code point sequence.

The start and end of the string (when index == self.len()) are considered to be boundaries.

Returns false if index is greater than self.len().

Examples

#![feature(str_char)]

let s = "Löwe 老虎 Léopard";
assert!(s.is_char_boundary(0));
// start of `老`
assert!(s.is_char_boundary(6));
assert!(s.is_char_boundary(s.len()));

// second byte of `ö`
assert!(!s.is_char_boundary(2));

// third byte of `老`
assert!(!s.is_char_boundary(8));

`fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8]`

Converts a string slice to a byte slice.

Examples

Basic usage:

let bytes = "bors".as_bytes();
assert_eq!(b"bors", bytes);

`fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u8`

Converts a string slice to a raw pointer.

As string slices are a slice of bytes, the raw pointer points to a u8. This pointer will be pointing to the first byte of the string slice.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = "Hello";
let ptr = s.as_ptr();

`unsafe fn slice_unchecked(&self, begin: usize, end: usize) -> &str`

Creates a string slice from another string slice, bypassing safety checks.

This new slice goes from begin to end, including begin but excluding end.

To get a mutable string slice instead, see the slice_mut_unchecked() method.

Safety

Callers of this function are responsible that three preconditions are satisfied:

begin must come before end.
begin and end must be byte positions within the string slice.
begin and end must lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = "Löwe 老虎 Léopard";

unsafe {
    assert_eq!("Löwe 老虎 Léopard", s.slice_unchecked(0, 21));
}

let s = "Hello, world!";

unsafe {
    assert_eq!("world", s.slice_unchecked(7, 12));
}

`unsafe fn slice_mut_unchecked(&mut self, begin: usize, end: usize) -> &mut str`

Creates a string slice from another string slice, bypassing safety checks.

This new slice goes from begin to end, including begin but excluding end.

To get an immutable string slice instead, see the slice_unchecked() method.

Safety

Callers of this function are responsible that three preconditions are satisfied:

begin must come before end.
begin and end must be byte positions within the string slice.
begin and end must lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.

`fn char_range_at(&self, start: usize) -> CharRange`

Unstable (str_char)
: often replaced by char_indices, this method may be removed in favor of just char_at() or eventually removed altogether

Given a byte position, returns the next char and its index.

Panics

If i is greater than or equal to the length of the string. If i is not the index of the beginning of a valid UTF-8 sequence.

Examples

This example manually iterates through the code points of a string; this should normally be done by .chars() or .char_indices().

#![feature(str_char)]

use std::str::CharRange;

let s = "中华Việt Nam";
let mut i = 0;
while i < s.len() {
    let CharRange {ch, next} = s.char_range_at(i);
    println!("{}: {}", i, ch);
    i = next;
}

This outputs:

0: 中
3: 华
6: V
7: i
8: e
9:
11:
13: t
14:
15: N
16: a
17: m

`fn char_range_at_reverse(&self, start: usize) -> CharRange`

Unstable (str_char)
: often replaced by char_indices, this method may be removed in favor of just char_at_reverse() or eventually removed altogether

Given a byte position, returns the previous char and its position.

Note that Unicode has many features, such as combining marks, ligatures, and direction marks, that need to be taken into account to correctly reverse a string.

Returns 0 for next index if called on start index 0.

Panics

If i is greater than the length of the string. If i is not an index following a valid UTF-8 sequence.

Examples

This example manually iterates through the code points of a string; this should normally be done by .chars().rev() or .char_indices().

#![feature(str_char)]

use std::str::CharRange;

let s = "中华Việt Nam";
let mut i = s.len();
while i > 0 {
    let CharRange {ch, next} = s.char_range_at_reverse(i);
    println!("{}: {}", i, ch);
    i = next;
}

This outputs:

18: m
17: a
16: N
15:
14: t
13:
11:
9: e
8: i
7: V
6: 华
3: 中

`fn char_at(&self, i: usize) -> char`

Unstable (str_char)
: frequently replaced by the chars() iterator, this method may be removed or possibly renamed in the future; it is normally replaced by chars/char_indices iterators or by getting the first char from a subslice

Given a byte position, returns the char at that position.

Panics

If i is greater than or equal to the length of the string. If i is not the index of the beginning of a valid UTF-8 sequence.

Examples

#![feature(str_char)]

let s = "abπc";
assert_eq!(s.char_at(1), 'b');
assert_eq!(s.char_at(2), 'π');
assert_eq!(s.char_at(4), 'c');

`fn char_at_reverse(&self, i: usize) -> char`

Unstable (str_char)
: see char_at for more details, but reverse semantics are also somewhat unclear, especially with which cases generate panics

Given a byte position, returns the char at that position, counting from the end.

Panics

If i is greater than the length of the string. If i is not an index following a valid UTF-8 sequence.

Examples

#![feature(str_char)]

let s = "abπc";
assert_eq!(s.char_at_reverse(1), 'a');
assert_eq!(s.char_at_reverse(2), 'b');
assert_eq!(s.char_at_reverse(3), 'π');

`fn slice_shift_char(&self) -> Option<(char, &str)>`

Unstable (str_char)
: awaiting conventions about shifting and slices and may not be warranted with the existence of the chars and/or char_indices iterators

Retrieves the first char from a &str and returns it.

Note that a single Unicode character (grapheme cluster) can be composed of multiple chars.

This does not allocate a new string; instead, it returns a slice that points one code point beyond the code point that was shifted.

None is returned if the slice is empty.

Examples

#![feature(str_char)]

let s = "Łódź"; // \u{141}o\u{301}dz\u{301}
let (c, s1) = s.slice_shift_char().unwrap();

assert_eq!(c, 'Ł');
assert_eq!(s1, "ódź");

let (c, s2) = s1.slice_shift_char().unwrap();

assert_eq!(c, 'o');
assert_eq!(s2, "\u{301}dz\u{301}");

`fn split_at(&self, mid: usize) -> (&str, &str)`

Divide one string slice into two at an index.

The argument, mid, should be a byte offset from the start of the string. It must also be on the boundary of a UTF-8 code point.

The two slices returned go from the start of the string slice to mid, and from mid to the end of the string slice.

To get mutable string slices instead, see the split_at_mut() method.

Panics

Panics if mid is not on a UTF-8 code point boundary, or if it is beyond the last code point of the string slice.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = "Per Martin-Löf";

let (first, last) = s.split_at(3);

assert_eq!("Per", first);
assert_eq!(" Martin-Löf", last);

`fn split_at_mut(&mut self, mid: usize) -> (&mut str, &mut str)`

Divide one mutable string slice into two at an index.

The argument, mid, should be a byte offset from the start of the string. It must also be on the boundary of a UTF-8 code point.

The two slices returned go from the start of the string slice to mid, and from mid to the end of the string slice.

To get immutable string slices instead, see the split_at() method.

Panics

Panics if mid is not on a UTF-8 code point boundary, or if it is beyond the last code point of the string slice.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = "Per Martin-Löf";

let (first, last) = s.split_at(3);

assert_eq!("Per", first);
assert_eq!(" Martin-Löf", last);

`fn chars(&self) -> Chars`

Returns an iterator over the chars of a string slice.

As a string slice consists of valid UTF-8, we can iterate through a string slice by char. This method returns such an iterator.

It's important to remember that char represents a Unicode Scalar Value, and may not match your idea of what a 'character' is. Iteration over grapheme clusters may be what you actually want.

Examples

Basic usage:

let word = "goodbye";

let count = word.chars().count();
assert_eq!(7, count);

let mut chars = word.chars();

assert_eq!(Some('g'), chars.next());
assert_eq!(Some('o'), chars.next());
assert_eq!(Some('o'), chars.next());
assert_eq!(Some('d'), chars.next());
assert_eq!(Some('b'), chars.next());
assert_eq!(Some('y'), chars.next());
assert_eq!(Some('e'), chars.next());

assert_eq!(None, chars.next());

Remember, chars may not match your human intuition about characters:

let y = "y̆";

let mut chars = y.chars();

assert_eq!(Some('y'), chars.next()); // not 'y̆'
assert_eq!(Some('\u{0306}'), chars.next());

assert_eq!(None, chars.next());

`fn char_indices(&self) -> CharIndices`

Returns an iterator over the chars of a string slice, and their positions.

As a string slice consists of valid UTF-8, we can iterate through a string slice by char. This method returns an iterator of both these chars, as well as their byte positions.

The iterator yields tuples. The position is first, the char is second.

Examples

Basic usage:

let word = "goodbye";

let count = word.char_indices().count();
assert_eq!(7, count);

let mut char_indices = word.char_indices();

assert_eq!(Some((0, 'g')), char_indices.next());
assert_eq!(Some((1, 'o')), char_indices.next());
assert_eq!(Some((2, 'o')), char_indices.next());
assert_eq!(Some((3, 'd')), char_indices.next());
assert_eq!(Some((4, 'b')), char_indices.next());
assert_eq!(Some((5, 'y')), char_indices.next());
assert_eq!(Some((6, 'e')), char_indices.next());

assert_eq!(None, char_indices.next());

Remember, chars may not match your human intuition about characters:

let y = "y̆";

let mut char_indices = y.char_indices();

assert_eq!(Some((0, 'y')), char_indices.next()); // not (0, 'y̆')
assert_eq!(Some((1, '\u{0306}')), char_indices.next());

assert_eq!(None, char_indices.next());

`fn bytes(&self) -> Bytes`

An iterator over the bytes of a string slice.

As a string slice consists of a sequence of bytes, we can iterate through a string slice by byte. This method returns such an iterator.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut bytes = "bors".bytes();

assert_eq!(Some(b'b'), bytes.next());
assert_eq!(Some(b'o'), bytes.next());
assert_eq!(Some(b'r'), bytes.next());
assert_eq!(Some(b's'), bytes.next());

assert_eq!(None, bytes.next());

`fn split_whitespace(&self) -> SplitWhitespace`

Split a string slice by whitespace.

The iterator returned will return string slices that are sub-slices of the original string slice, separated by any amount of whitespace.

'Whitespace' is defined according to the terms of the Unicode Derived Core Property White_Space.

Examples

Basic usage:

let mut iter = "A few words".split_whitespace();

assert_eq!(Some("A"), iter.next());
assert_eq!(Some("few"), iter.next());
assert_eq!(Some("words"), iter.next());

assert_eq!(None, iter.next());

All kinds of whitespace are considered:

let mut iter = " Mary   had\ta\u{2009}little  \n\t lamb".split_whitespace();
assert_eq!(Some("Mary"), iter.next());
assert_eq!(Some("had"), iter.next());
assert_eq!(Some("a"), iter.next());
assert_eq!(Some("little"), iter.next());
assert_eq!(Some("lamb"), iter.next());

assert_eq!(None, iter.next());

`fn lines(&self) -> Lines`

An iterator over the lines of a string, as string slices.

Lines are ended with either a newline (\n) or a carriage return with a line feed (\r\n).

The final line ending is optional.

Examples

Basic usage:

let text = "foo\r\nbar\n\nbaz\n";
let mut lines = text.lines();

assert_eq!(Some("foo"), lines.next());
assert_eq!(Some("bar"), lines.next());
assert_eq!(Some(""), lines.next());
assert_eq!(Some("baz"), lines.next());

assert_eq!(None, lines.next());

The final line ending isn't required:

let text = "foo\nbar\n\r\nbaz";
let mut lines = text.lines();

assert_eq!(Some("foo"), lines.next());
assert_eq!(Some("bar"), lines.next());
assert_eq!(Some(""), lines.next());
assert_eq!(Some("baz"), lines.next());

assert_eq!(None, lines.next());

`fn lines_any(&self) -> LinesAny`

Deprecated since 1.4.0
: use lines() instead now

An iterator over the lines of a string.

`fn utf16_units(&self) -> Utf16Units`

Unstable (str_utf16)
: this functionality may only be provided by libunicode

Returns an iterator of u16 over the string encoded as UTF-16.

`fn contains<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> bool where P: Pattern<'a>`

Returns true if the given pattern matches a sub-slice of this string slice.

Returns false if it does not.

Examples

Basic usage:

let bananas = "bananas";

assert!(bananas.contains("nana"));
assert!(!bananas.contains("apples"));

`fn starts_with<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> bool where P: Pattern<'a>`

Returns true if the given pattern matches a prefix of this string slice.

Returns false if it does not.

Examples

Basic usage:

let bananas = "bananas";

assert!(bananas.starts_with("bana"));
assert!(!bananas.starts_with("nana"));

`fn ends_with<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> bool where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

Returns true if the given pattern matches a suffix of this string slice.

Returns false if it does not.

Examples

Basic usage:

let bananas = "bananas";

assert!(bananas.ends_with("anas"));
assert!(!bananas.ends_with("nana"));

`fn find<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Option<usize> where P: Pattern<'a>`

Returns the byte index of the first character of this string slice that matches the pattern.

Returns None if the pattern doesn't match.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines if a character matches.

Examples

Simple patterns:

let s = "Löwe 老虎 Léopard";

assert_eq!(s.find('L'), Some(0));
assert_eq!(s.find('é'), Some(14));
assert_eq!(s.find("Léopard"), Some(13));

More complex patterns with closures:

let s = "Löwe 老虎 Léopard";

assert_eq!(s.find(char::is_whitespace), Some(5));
assert_eq!(s.find(char::is_lowercase), Some(1));

Not finding the pattern:

let s = "Löwe 老虎 Léopard";
let x: &[_] = &['1', '2'];

assert_eq!(s.find(x), None);

`fn rfind<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Option<usize> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

Returns the byte index of the last character of this string slice that matches the pattern.

Returns None if the pattern doesn't match.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines if a character matches.

Examples

Simple patterns:

let s = "Löwe 老虎 Léopard";

assert_eq!(s.rfind('L'), Some(13));
assert_eq!(s.rfind('é'), Some(14));

More complex patterns with closures:

let s = "Löwe 老虎 Léopard";

assert_eq!(s.rfind(char::is_whitespace), Some(12));
assert_eq!(s.rfind(char::is_lowercase), Some(20));

Not finding the pattern:

let s = "Löwe 老虎 Léopard";
let x: &[_] = &['1', '2'];

assert_eq!(s.rfind(x), None);

`fn split<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Split<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

An iterator over substrings of this string slice, separated by characters matched by a pattern.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines the split.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator will be a DoubleEndedIterator if the pattern allows a reverse search and forward/reverse search yields the same elements. This is true for, eg, char but not for &str.

If the pattern allows a reverse search but its results might differ from a forward search, the rsplit() method can be used.

Examples

Simple patterns:

let v: Vec<&str> = "Mary had a little lamb".split(' ').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["Mary", "had", "a", "little", "lamb"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "".split('X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, [""]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "lionXXtigerXleopard".split('X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["lion", "", "tiger", "leopard"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "lion::tiger::leopard".split("::").collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["lion", "tiger", "leopard"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "abc1def2ghi".split(char::is_numeric).collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["abc", "def", "ghi"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "lionXtigerXleopard".split(char::is_uppercase).collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["lion", "tiger", "leopard"]);

A more complex pattern, using a closure:

let v: Vec<&str> = "abc1defXghi".split(|c| c == '1' || c == 'X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["abc", "def", "ghi"]);

If a string contains multiple contiguous separators, you will end up with empty strings in the output:

let x = "||||a||b|c".to_string();
let d: Vec<_> = x.split('|').collect();

assert_eq!(d, &["", "", "", "", "a", "", "b", "c"]);

This can lead to possibly surprising behavior when whitespace is used as the separator. This code is correct:

let x = "    a  b c".to_string();
let d: Vec<_> = x.split(' ').collect();

assert_eq!(d, &["", "", "", "", "a", "", "b", "c"]);

It does not give you:

assert_eq!(d, &["a", "b", "c"]);

Use split_whitespace() for this behavior.

`fn rsplit<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RSplit<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

An iterator over substrings of the given string slice, separated by characters matched by a pattern and yielded in reverse order.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines the split.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator requires that the pattern supports a reverse search, and it will be a DoubleEndedIterator if a forward/reverse search yields the same elements.

For iterating from the front, the split() method can be used.

Examples

Simple patterns:

let v: Vec<&str> = "Mary had a little lamb".rsplit(' ').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["lamb", "little", "a", "had", "Mary"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "".rsplit('X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, [""]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "lionXXtigerXleopard".rsplit('X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["leopard", "tiger", "", "lion"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "lion::tiger::leopard".rsplit("::").collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["leopard", "tiger", "lion"]);

A more complex pattern, using a closure:

let v: Vec<&str> = "abc1defXghi".rsplit(|c| c == '1' || c == 'X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["ghi", "def", "abc"]);

`fn split_terminator<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> SplitTerminator<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

An iterator over substrings of the given string slice, separated by characters matched by a pattern.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines the split.

Equivalent to split(), except that the trailing substring is skipped if empty.

This method can be used for string data that is terminated, rather than separated by a pattern.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator will be a DoubleEndedIterator if the pattern allows a reverse search and forward/reverse search yields the same elements. This is true for, eg, char but not for &str.

If the pattern allows a reverse search but its results might differ from a forward search, the rsplit_terminator() method can be used.

Examples

Basic usage:

let v: Vec<&str> = "A.B.".split_terminator('.').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["A", "B"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "A..B..".split_terminator(".").collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["A", "", "B", ""]);

`fn rsplit_terminator<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RSplitTerminator<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

An iterator over substrings of self, separated by characters matched by a pattern and yielded in reverse order.

The pattern can be a simple &str, char, or a closure that determines the split. Additional libraries might provide more complex patterns like regular expressions.

Equivalent to split, except that the trailing substring is skipped if empty.

This method can be used for string data that is terminated, rather than separated by a pattern.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator requires that the pattern supports a reverse search, and it will be double ended if a forward/reverse search yields the same elements.

For iterating from the front, the split_terminator() method can be used.

Examples

let v: Vec<&str> = "A.B.".rsplit_terminator('.').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["B", "A"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "A..B..".rsplit_terminator(".").collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["", "B", "", "A"]);

`fn splitn<'a, P>(&'a self, count: usize, pat: P) -> SplitN<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

An iterator over substrings of the given string slice, separated by a pattern, restricted to returning at most count items.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the string slice.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines the split.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator will not be double ended, because it is not efficient to support.

If the pattern allows a reverse search, the rsplitn() method can be used.

Examples

Simple patterns:

let v: Vec<&str> = "Mary had a little lambda".splitn(3, ' ').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["Mary", "had", "a little lambda"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "lionXXtigerXleopard".splitn(3, "X").collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["lion", "", "tigerXleopard"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "abcXdef".splitn(1, 'X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["abcXdef"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "".splitn(1, 'X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, [""]);

A more complex pattern, using a closure:

let v: Vec<&str> = "abc1defXghi".splitn(2, |c| c == '1' || c == 'X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["abc", "defXghi"]);

`fn rsplitn<'a, P>(&'a self, count: usize, pat: P) -> RSplitN<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

An iterator over substrings of this string slice, separated by a pattern, starting from the end of the string, restricted to returning at most count items.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the string slice.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines the split.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator will not be double ended, because it is not efficient to support.

For splitting from the front, the splitn() method can be used.

Examples

Simple patterns:

let v: Vec<&str> = "Mary had a little lamb".rsplitn(3, ' ').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["lamb", "little", "Mary had a"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "lionXXtigerXleopard".rsplitn(3, 'X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["leopard", "tiger", "lionX"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "lion::tiger::leopard".rsplitn(2, "::").collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["leopard", "lion::tiger"]);

A more complex pattern, using a closure:

let v: Vec<&str> = "abc1defXghi".rsplitn(2, |c| c == '1' || c == 'X').collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["ghi", "abc1def"]);

`fn matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Matches<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

An iterator over the matches of a pattern within the given string slice.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines if a character matches.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator will be a DoubleEndedIterator if the pattern allows a reverse search and forward/reverse search yields the same elements. This is true for, eg, char but not for &str.

If the pattern allows a reverse search but its results might differ from a forward search, the rmatches() method can be used.

Examples

Basic usage:

let v: Vec<&str> = "abcXXXabcYYYabc".matches("abc").collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["abc", "abc", "abc"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "1abc2abc3".matches(char::is_numeric).collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["1", "2", "3"]);

`fn rmatches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RMatches<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

An iterator over the matches of a pattern within this string slice, yielded in reverse order.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines if a character matches.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator requires that the pattern supports a reverse search, and it will be a DoubleEndedIterator if a forward/reverse search yields the same elements.

For iterating from the front, the matches() method can be used.

Examples

Basic usage:

let v: Vec<&str> = "abcXXXabcYYYabc".rmatches("abc").collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["abc", "abc", "abc"]);

let v: Vec<&str> = "1abc2abc3".rmatches(char::is_numeric).collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["3", "2", "1"]);

`fn match_indices<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> MatchIndices<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

An iterator over the disjoint matches of a pattern within this string slice as well as the index that the match starts at.

For matches of pat within self that overlap, only the indices corresponding to the first match are returned.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines if a character matches.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator will be a DoubleEndedIterator if the pattern allows a reverse search and forward/reverse search yields the same elements. This is true for, eg, char but not for &str.

If the pattern allows a reverse search but its results might differ from a forward search, the rmatch_indices() method can be used.

Examples

Basic usage:

let v: Vec<_> = "abcXXXabcYYYabc".match_indices("abc").collect();
assert_eq!(v, [(0, "abc"), (6, "abc"), (12, "abc")]);

let v: Vec<_> = "1abcabc2".match_indices("abc").collect();
assert_eq!(v, [(1, "abc"), (4, "abc")]);

let v: Vec<_> = "ababa".match_indices("aba").collect();
assert_eq!(v, [(0, "aba")]); // only the first `aba`

`fn rmatch_indices<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RMatchIndices<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

An iterator over the disjoint matches of a pattern within self, yielded in reverse order along with the index of the match.

For matches of pat within self that overlap, only the indices corresponding to the last match are returned.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines if a character matches.

Iterator behavior

The returned iterator requires that the pattern supports a reverse search, and it will be a [DoubleEndedIterator] if a forward/reverse search yields the same elements.

For iterating from the front, the match_indices() method can be used.

Examples

Basic usage:

let v: Vec<_> = "abcXXXabcYYYabc".rmatch_indices("abc").collect();
assert_eq!(v, [(12, "abc"), (6, "abc"), (0, "abc")]);

let v: Vec<_> = "1abcabc2".rmatch_indices("abc").collect();
assert_eq!(v, [(4, "abc"), (1, "abc")]);

let v: Vec<_> = "ababa".rmatch_indices("aba").collect();
assert_eq!(v, [(2, "aba")]); // only the last `aba`

`fn trim(&self) -> &str`

Returns a string slice with leading and trailing whitespace removed.

'Whitespace' is defined according to the terms of the Unicode Derived Core Property White_Space.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = " Hello\tworld\t";

assert_eq!("Hello\tworld", s.trim());

`fn trim_left(&self) -> &str`

Returns a string slice with leading whitespace removed.

'Whitespace' is defined according to the terms of the Unicode Derived Core Property White_Space.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = " Hello\tworld\t";

assert_eq!("Hello\tworld\t", s.trim_left());

`fn trim_right(&self) -> &str`

Returns a string slice with trailing whitespace removed.

'Whitespace' is defined according to the terms of the Unicode Derived Core Property White_Space.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = " Hello\tworld\t";

assert_eq!(" Hello\tworld", s.trim_right());

`fn trim_matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> &'a str where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: DoubleEndedSearcher<'a>`

Returns a string slice with all prefixes and suffixes that match a pattern repeatedly removed.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines if a character matches.

Examples

Simple patterns:

assert_eq!("11foo1bar11".trim_matches('1'), "foo1bar");
assert_eq!("123foo1bar123".trim_matches(char::is_numeric), "foo1bar");

let x: &[_] = &['1', '2'];
assert_eq!("12foo1bar12".trim_matches(x), "foo1bar");

A more complex pattern, using a closure:

assert_eq!("1foo1barXX".trim_matches(|c| c == '1' || c == 'X'), "foo1bar");

`fn trim_left_matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> &'a str where P: Pattern<'a>`

Returns a string slice with all prefixes that match a pattern repeatedly removed.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines if a character matches.

Examples

Basic usage:

assert_eq!("11foo1bar11".trim_left_matches('1'), "foo1bar11");
assert_eq!("123foo1bar123".trim_left_matches(char::is_numeric), "foo1bar123");

let x: &[_] = &['1', '2'];
assert_eq!("12foo1bar12".trim_left_matches(x), "foo1bar12");

`fn trim_right_matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> &'a str where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

Returns a string slice with all suffixes that match a pattern repeatedly removed.

The pattern can be a &str, char, or a closure that determines if a character matches.

Examples

Simple patterns:

assert_eq!("11foo1bar11".trim_right_matches('1'), "11foo1bar");
assert_eq!("123foo1bar123".trim_right_matches(char::is_numeric), "123foo1bar");

let x: &[_] = &['1', '2'];
assert_eq!("12foo1bar12".trim_right_matches(x), "12foo1bar");

A more complex pattern, using a closure:

assert_eq!("1fooX".trim_left_matches(|c| c == '1' || c == 'X'), "fooX");

`fn parse<F>(&self) -> Result<F, F::Err> where F: FromStr`

Parses this string slice into another type.

Because parse() is so general, it can cause problems with type inference. As such, parse() is one of the few times you'll see the syntax affectionately known as the 'turbofish': ::<>. This helps the inference algorithm understand specifically which type you're trying to parse into.

parse() can parse any type that implements the FromStr trait.

Failure

Will return Err if it's not possible to parse this string slice into the desired type.

Example

Basic usage

let four: u32 = "4".parse().unwrap();

assert_eq!(4, four);

Using the 'turbofish' instead of annotationg four:

let four = "4".parse::<u32>();

assert_eq!(Ok(4), four);

Failing to parse:

let nope = "j".parse::<u32>();

assert!(nope.is_err());

`fn replace<'a, P>(&'a self, from: P, to: &str) -> String where P: Pattern<'a>`

Replaces all matches of a pattern with another string.

replace creates a new String, and copies the data from this string slice into it. While doing so, it attempts to find matches of a pattern. If it finds any, it replaces them with the replacement string slice.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = "this is old";

assert_eq!("this is new", s.replace("old", "new"));

When the pattern doesn't match:

let s = "this is old";
assert_eq!(s, s.replace("cookie monster", "little lamb"));

`fn to_lowercase(&self) -> String`

Returns the lowercase equivalent of this string slice, as a new String.

'Lowercase' is defined according to the terms of the Unicode Derived Core Property Lowercase.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = "HELLO";

assert_eq!("hello", s.to_lowercase());

A tricky example, with sigma:

let sigma = "Σ";

assert_eq!("σ", sigma.to_lowercase());

// but at the end of a word, it's ς, not σ:
let odysseus = "ὈΔΥΣΣΕΎΣ";

assert_eq!("ὀδυσσεύς", odysseus.to_lowercase());

Languages without case are not changed:

let new_year = "农历新年";

assert_eq!(new_year, new_year.to_lowercase());

`fn to_uppercase(&self) -> String`

Returns the uppercase equivalent of this string slice, as a new String.

'Uppercase' is defined according to the terms of the Unicode Derived Core Property Uppercase.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s = "hello";

assert_eq!("HELLO", s.to_uppercase());

Scripts without case are not changed:

let new_year = "农历新年";

assert_eq!(new_year, new_year.to_uppercase());

`fn escape_default(&self) -> String`

Unstable (str_escape)
: return type may change to be an iterator

Escapes each char in s with char::escape_default.

`fn escape_unicode(&self) -> String`

Unstable (str_escape)
: return type may change to be an iterator

Escapes each char in s with char::escape_unicode.

`fn into_string(self: Box<str>) -> String`

Converts a Box<str> into a String without copying or allocating.

Examples

Basic usage:

let string = String::from("birthday gift");
let boxed_str = string.clone().into_boxed_str();

assert_eq!(boxed_str.into_string(), string);

Enum mime::SubLevel [−] [src]

Variants

Methods

impl SubLevel

fn as_str(&self) -> &str

Methods from Deref<Target=str>

fn len(&self) -> usize

fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

fn is_char_boundary(&self, index: usize) -> bool

fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8]

fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u8

unsafe fn slice_unchecked(&self, begin: usize, end: usize) -> &str

unsafe fn slice_mut_unchecked(&mut self, begin: usize, end: usize) -> &mut str

fn char_range_at(&self, start: usize) -> CharRange

fn char_range_at_reverse(&self, start: usize) -> CharRange

fn char_at(&self, i: usize) -> char

fn char_at_reverse(&self, i: usize) -> char

fn slice_shift_char(&self) -> Option<(char, &str)>

fn split_at(&self, mid: usize) -> (&str, &str)

fn split_at_mut(&mut self, mid: usize) -> (&mut str, &mut str)

fn chars(&self) -> Chars

fn char_indices(&self) -> CharIndices

fn bytes(&self) -> Bytes

fn split_whitespace(&self) -> SplitWhitespace

fn lines(&self) -> Lines

fn lines_any(&self) -> LinesAny

fn utf16_units(&self) -> Utf16Units

fn contains<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> bool where P: Pattern<'a>

fn starts_with<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> bool where P: Pattern<'a>

fn ends_with<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> bool where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>

fn find<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Option<usize> where P: Pattern<'a>

fn rfind<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Option<usize> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>

fn split<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Split<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>

fn rsplit<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RSplit<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>

fn split_terminator<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> SplitTerminator<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>

fn rsplit_terminator<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RSplitTerminator<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>

fn splitn<'a, P>(&'a self, count: usize, pat: P) -> SplitN<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>

fn rsplitn<'a, P>(&'a self, count: usize, pat: P) -> RSplitN<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>

fn matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Matches<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>

fn rmatches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RMatches<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>

fn match_indices<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> MatchIndices<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>

fn rmatch_indices<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RMatchIndices<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>

fn trim(&self) -> &str

fn trim_left(&self) -> &str

fn trim_right(&self) -> &str

fn trim_matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> &'a str where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: DoubleEndedSearcher<'a>

fn trim_left_matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> &'a str where P: Pattern<'a>

fn trim_right_matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> &'a str where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>

fn parse<F>(&self) -> Result<F, F::Err> where F: FromStr

fn replace<'a, P>(&'a self, from: P, to: &str) -> String where P: Pattern<'a>

fn to_lowercase(&self) -> String

fn to_uppercase(&self) -> String

fn escape_default(&self) -> String

fn escape_unicode(&self) -> String

fn into_string(self: Box<str>) -> String

Trait Implementations

impl Deref for SubLevel

type Target = str

fn deref(&self) -> &str

impl PartialEq for SubLevel

fn eq(&self, other: &SubLevel) -> bool

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

impl PartialEq<String> for SubLevel

fn eq(&self, other: &String) -> bool

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

impl PartialEq<str> for SubLevel

fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a str> for SubLevel

fn eq(&self, other: &&'a str) -> bool

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

impl Display for SubLevel

fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter) -> Result

impl FromStr for SubLevel

type Err = ()

fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<SubLevel, ()>

Derived Implementations

impl Debug for SubLevel

fn fmt(&self, __arg_0: &mut Formatter) -> Result

impl Clone for SubLevel

`impl SubLevel`

`fn as_str(&self) -> &str`

`fn len(&self) -> usize`

`fn is_empty(&self) -> bool`

`fn is_char_boundary(&self, index: usize) -> bool`

`fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8]`

`fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u8`

`unsafe fn slice_unchecked(&self, begin: usize, end: usize) -> &str`

`unsafe fn slice_mut_unchecked(&mut self, begin: usize, end: usize) -> &mut str`

`fn char_range_at(&self, start: usize) -> CharRange`

`fn char_range_at_reverse(&self, start: usize) -> CharRange`

`fn char_at(&self, i: usize) -> char`

`fn char_at_reverse(&self, i: usize) -> char`

`fn slice_shift_char(&self) -> Option<(char, &str)>`

`fn split_at(&self, mid: usize) -> (&str, &str)`

`fn split_at_mut(&mut self, mid: usize) -> (&mut str, &mut str)`

`fn chars(&self) -> Chars`

`fn char_indices(&self) -> CharIndices`

`fn bytes(&self) -> Bytes`

`fn split_whitespace(&self) -> SplitWhitespace`

`fn lines(&self) -> Lines`

`fn lines_any(&self) -> LinesAny`

`fn utf16_units(&self) -> Utf16Units`

`fn contains<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> bool where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn starts_with<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> bool where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn ends_with<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> bool where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

`fn find<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Option<usize> where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn rfind<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Option<usize> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

`fn split<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Split<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn rsplit<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RSplit<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

`fn split_terminator<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> SplitTerminator<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn rsplit_terminator<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RSplitTerminator<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

`fn splitn<'a, P>(&'a self, count: usize, pat: P) -> SplitN<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn rsplitn<'a, P>(&'a self, count: usize, pat: P) -> RSplitN<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

`fn matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> Matches<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn rmatches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RMatches<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

`fn match_indices<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> MatchIndices<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn rmatch_indices<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> RMatchIndices<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

`fn trim(&self) -> &str`

`fn trim_left(&self) -> &str`

`fn trim_right(&self) -> &str`

`fn trim_matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> &'a str where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: DoubleEndedSearcher<'a>`

`fn trim_left_matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> &'a str where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn trim_right_matches<'a, P>(&'a self, pat: P) -> &'a str where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: ReverseSearcher<'a>`

`fn parse<F>(&self) -> Result<F, F::Err> where F: FromStr`

`fn replace<'a, P>(&'a self, from: P, to: &str) -> String where P: Pattern<'a>`

`fn to_lowercase(&self) -> String`

`fn to_uppercase(&self) -> String`

`fn escape_default(&self) -> String`

`fn escape_unicode(&self) -> String`

`fn into_string(self: Box<str>) -> String`

`impl Deref for SubLevel`

`type Target = str`

`fn deref(&self) -> &str`

`impl PartialEq for SubLevel`

`fn eq(&self, other: &SubLevel) -> bool`

`fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool`

`impl PartialEq<String> for SubLevel`

`fn eq(&self, other: &String) -> bool`

`fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool`

`impl PartialEq<str> for SubLevel`

`fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool`

`fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool`

`impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a str> for SubLevel`

`fn eq(&self, other: &&'a str) -> bool`

`fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool`

`impl Display for SubLevel`

`fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter) -> Result`

`impl FromStr for SubLevel`

`type Err = ()`

`fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<SubLevel, ()>`

`impl Debug for SubLevel`

`fn fmt(&self, __arg_0: &mut Formatter) -> Result`

`impl Clone for SubLevel`

`fn clone(&self) -> SubLevel`

`fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)`